Sinds mensheugenis wordt de curcuma longa geteeld in India, Zuid-China en andere tropische en subtropische landen. Men neemt aan dat de curcuma oorspronkelijk uit India komt. De gemalen wortel van het nauw aan gember verwante curcuma longa wordt onder de naam curcuma, koenjit of Indiase geelwortel als specerij gebruikt. De curcuma kan ongeveer 1 m hoog worden. De goldenseal groeit het best in vochtige, warme gebieden. De knollen en wortelstok worden gescheiden van de laterale wortels. Vervolgens worden ze ondergedompeld in kokend water en daarna in de zon gelegd om te drogen. Door het drogen in de zon krijgen de ondergrondse delen een gele kleur. De gele kleur wordt door het zogenaamde curcumine (in feite zijn er zeker drie verschillende curcumines) te weeg gebracht. Curcumine staat ook bekend als de kleurstof E100. Na droging maalt men de wortelstokken tot een poeder dat de naam "curcuma" of "kurkuma" heeft.
Rassen
Er zijn verschillende variëteiten van curcuma. Afgezien van curcuma longa - de echte curcuma - er is een curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javaanse kurkuma, Javaanse curcuma, curcuma bitter) en curcuma zedoaria (ceder root). De curcuma zedoaria komt uit de Himalaya, waar we de bladeren van de plant gebruiken als een salade.
Deze monografie beschrijft de effecten als levercelbescherming, antioxidant, anti-inflammatoir en zijn antibacteriële en anti-schimmel (schimmel-dodende) eigenschappen.
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