De mond zit vol met micro-organismen, de orale microbiota. Verstoring van het microbiële evenwicht in de mond kan leiden tot uitgroei van orale pathogenen die ziekten als parodontitis en cariës veroorzaken. Er komt steeds meer onderbouwing voor een relatie tussen dysbiose in de mond en systemische aandoeningen. Er zijn al verbanden vastgesteld met de darm, het zenuwstelsel, het hart en de bloedvaten, en het hormoon- en het immuunsysteem. Beïnvloeding van het bacteriële evenwicht in de mond kan daarom niet alleen lokaal effect hebben, maar ook systemisch.
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