In vroegere taxonomische indelingen werd de artisjok als een aparte soort – Cynara scolymus L. – beschouwd. Op basis van recentere hybridisatie- en isozym-analyses wordt de artisjok nu meestal aanzien als een variëteit of subspecies van Cynara cardunculus L. De artisjok behoort tot de familie der asteraceae. Het woord ‘scolymos’ verwijst in het Oudgrieks naar het begrip ‘doornig’.
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