IJzer speelt een kritieke rol voor de hersenontwikkeling van kinderen. IJzer is o.a. nodig voor de vorming van de myelineschede van zenuwvezels, en voor de biosynthese en werking van dopamine en andere neurotransmitters. Een tekort tijdens de zwangerschap of tijdens de eerste twee levensjaren van het kind kan negatieve en deels blijvende gevolgen hebben voor de mentale, psychomotorische en cognitieve ontwikkeling.1
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