Bèta-sitosterol en andere plantensterolen (fytosterolen) hebben een gunstige invloed op de afweer tegen pathogenen. Het meeste onderzoek met bèta-sitosterol en zijn glycoside is gedaan naar het effect op T-cellen en de Th1/Th2-balans bij infecties en bij allergische rhinitis. Vrij recent is er experimenteel onderzoek op gang gekomen naar het effect van met name bèta-sitosterol op een specifieke virulentiefactor van pathogenen, evenals naar het effect op specifieke celmembraandomeinen, de zogenaamde lipid rafts. Deze microdomeinen spelen een belangrijke rol in cel-signalering betrokken bij de afweerreactie van immuuncellen en bij de overleving van kankercellen.
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