COPD staat voor chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (chronische obstructieve longziekte). Kenmerkend voor de ongeneeslijke aandoening is een chronische, progressieve vernauwing van de (smallere) luchtwegen en/of aantasting van het elastische longweefsel met versnelde achteruitgang van de longfunctie. De oorzaak is een abnormale ontstekingsactiviteit in de longen na het inademen van giftige deeltjes en gassen. COPD omvat drie ziekten: emfyseem (verlies longblaasjes met vergroting van overgebleven longblaasjes), chronische bronchitis (chronische hoest en slijmvorming, met daarbij chronische luchtwegobstructie) en small airways disease (chronische vernauwing van de kleine luchtwegen). De belangrijkste klachten van COPD zijn chronisch hoesten, overproductie en opgeven van slijm en (chronische) kortademigheid. Onder meer bacteriële en virale luchtweginfecties en luchtvervuiling kunnen leiden tot acute opflakkeringen (ziektecrises) van COPD. COPD gaat gepaard met chronische systemische ontsteking; dit is een (gedeeltelijke) verklaring voor de frequente aanwezigheid van andere ziekten naast COPD (comorbiditeit) zoals hart- en vaatziekten, artritis, depressie, diabetes, sarcopenie, prostaataandoeningen, ulcus pepticum, cataract en osteoporose.1 In Nederland is COPD doodsoorzaak nummer drie, na kanker en hart- en vaatziekten.
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