Het chronisch vermoeidheidssyndroom (CVS), ook wel myalgische encefalomyelitis (ME) genoemd, is een complexe en relatief zeldzame aandoening. De minimale schattingen omtrent het aantal patiënten met dit ziektebeeld variëren in Nederland van 1 op 100 tot 1 op 1000 (Bazelmans et al. 1997). Het werkelijke cijfer is waarschijnlijk hoger vanwege onderschatting of verkeerde diagnosestelling. Vrouwen in de leeftijd tussen 20 - 50 jaar zouden het meest getroffen worden, met name de vrouwen uit de hogere sociale lagen van de bevolking. In het verleden was er enige onduidelijkheid rondom de naamgeving van CVS en/of ME. Tegenwoordig hanteren huisartsen en patiëntenverenigingen de term ME/CVS.
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