Een goede vitamine D-status verkleint de kans op verschillende vormen van kanker en verbetert de prognose na de diagnose kanker. Vooraanstaande vitamine D-experts denken dat een stabiele, vrij hoge serumcalcidiolspiegel tussen 100 en 200 nmol/l de beste bescherming biedt. Volgens hen kunnen met deze preventieve maatregel jaarlijks veel nieuwe gevallen van onder meer colorectaalkanker en borstkanker worden voorkomen.
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