Het ijzerbindende glycoproteïne lactoferrine speelt een beschermende rol in verschillende fysiologische processen, waaronder het moduleren van het immuunsysteem en de regulering van de ijzerstofwisseling. De stof maakt onderdeel uit van het aangeboren immuunsysteem en heeft een antimicrobiële activiteit tegen bacteriën, virussen, gisten en parasieten. Bovendien is lactoferrine anti-inflammatoir en heeft het een antioxidantwerking. Lactoferrine wordt daarom toegepast bij (de preventie van) infecties. De effecten zijn echter breder. Verschillende klachten en gezondheidsproblemen waarbij ontstekingen een rol spelen, kunnen verbeteren door het gebruik van lactoferrine, zoals (laaggradige) ontsteking door metabole verstoringen.
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