Jodium als antioxidant en antimicrobieel middel
Het vergeten element van ons immuunsysteem

Jodide (I-) wordt niet alleen gebruikt voor de synthese van schildklierhormoon. Het eerste gebruik in de evolutie was als antioxidant en als antimicrobieel middel. De synthese van schildklierhormoon is een evolutionair recente modificatie. Zeewier gebruikt een elektron van jodide voor de detoxificatie van belagende zuurstofradicalen. Via het jodide/peroxidase/waterstof-partnersysteem kan een elektron van jodide worden overgeheveld op waterstofperoxide voor de synthese van moleculair jodium (I2) en hypojodiet (OI-) ten behoeve van de bestrijding van micro-organismen in exocriene klieren, maag-darmslijmvlies en longen. Met ditzelfde systeem vindt in de schildklier jodering plaats van thyroglobuline als eerste stap in de synthese van schildklierhormoon. Inzicht in het samenspel tussen het jodide/peroxidase/waterstof-partnersysteem en selenium is van belang voor het begrip van schildklierauto-immuunziektes en kanker van de schildklier, maag, borstklier en prostaat. De huidige jodiumstatus in Nederland is zorgelijk. Dit bedreigt niet alleen de schildklierhormoonsynthese maar vooral de functies van jodide als antioxidant en antimicrobieel middel. De huidige aanbevolen dagelijkse hoeveelheid (ADH) van jodium is gebaseerd op de jodiumbehoefte van de schildklier en het voorkómen van een vergrote schildklier. De absolute bovengrens is gebaseerd op een waarschijnlijk kleine groep van mensen met een defecte schildklier-autoregulatie. Er is geen rekening gehouden met de oerfuncties van jodide en het voorkómen van jodiumtoxiciteit door de jodiuminname te koppelen aan de seleniumstatus.

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Auteur

Frits Muskiet

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Referenties

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