Sikkelcelziekte is een erfelijke vorm van bloedarmoede met mogelijk ernstige complicaties waaronder beroerte, pulmonale hypertensie, ernstige orgaanschade, levensbedreigende (bacteriële) infecties, blindheid en een grotere kans op vroegtijdig overlijden. De ziekte wordt meestal alleen symptomatisch behandeld, omdat de nadelen en gevaren van een beenmergtransplantatie nog niet opwegen tegen de voordelen. Diverse voedingsstoffen (waaronder omega-3-vetzuren, L-glutamine, L-arginine en zink) hebben een gunstige invloed op het ziektebeloop en verbeteren de kwaliteit van leven.
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