Functionele aminozuren
Overzicht functies en therapeutische toepassingen

De interesse naar de rol van aminozuren bij groei en ontwikkeling, gezondheid en ziekte neemt de laatste jaren sterk toe.1 Aminozuren zijn op de eerste plaats bouwstenen voor de synthese van eiwitten, essentieel voor groei en opbouw van het lichaam en weefselherstel. De laatste decennia hebben wetenschappers veel kennis vergaard over andere belangrijke functies van aminozuren in het lichaam. Arginine en glutamine, bijvoorbeeld, bevorderen een goede darmbarrièrefunctie en ondersteunen het immuunsysteem.1,2 Er zijn sterke aanwijzingen dat regulatie van fysiologische processen voor een belangrijk deel door aminozuren en micronutriënten (vitamines en mineralen) plaatsvindt.3 Langzamerhand wint preventieve en therapeutische suppletie met aminozuren aan terrein in de orthomoleculaire en nutritionele praktijk.

Beste bezoeker, u heeft geen toegang.

Enkel (web)abonnees hebben toegang tot tijdschriftartikelen. Het webabonnement is nog in de maak.

U kunt zich wel alvast (gratis) registreren en tal van andere webartikelen raadplegen!

Auteur

Selma Timmer

Trefwoorden:

Figuren

Verschenen in

Referenties

  1. Wu G. Functional amino acids in nutrition and health. Amino Acids 2013;45:407-411.
  2. Wu G et al. Dietary requirements of ‘nutritionally nonessential amino acids’ by animals and humans. Amino Acids 2013;44:1107-1113.
  3. Verheesen RH et al. Micronutrients and amino acids, main regulators of physiological processes. Med Hypotheses. 2009;73:498-502.
  4. Wu G. Amino acids, biochemistry and nutrition. CRC Press 2013.
  5. Hou Y et al. Dietary essentiality of ’nutritionally non-essential amino acids’ for animals and humans. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015;240(8):997-1007.
  6. Wu G. Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition. Amino Acids 2009:37:1-17.
  7. Boldyrev AA et al. Physiology and pathophysiology of carnosine. Physiol Rev. 2013;93:1803-1845.
  8. Wu G. Functional amino acids in growth, reproduction and health. Adv Nutr. 2010;1:31-37.
  9. Watford M. Glutamine metabolism and function in relation to proline synthesis and the safety of glutamine and proline supplementation. J Nutr. 2008;138:2003S–2007S.
  10. Raynaud-Simon A et al. Arginine plus proline supplementation elicits metabolic adaptation that favors wound healing in diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2012;303(10):R1053-61.
  11. Wu G et al. Proline and hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for animal and human nutrition. Amino Acids. 2011;40(4):1053-63.
  12. Barbul A. Proline precursors to sustain mammalian collagen synthesis. J Nutr. 2008;138(10):2021S-2024S.
  13. Wu G et al. Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease. Amino Acids. 2009;37(1):153-68.
  14. Gad MZ. Anti-aging effects of L-arginine. J Adv Res. 2010;1:169-177.
  15. Dong JY et al. Effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Am Heart J. 2011;162(6):959-65.
  16. Shao A et al. Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008;50(3):376-99.
  17. Kelly GS. Clinical applications of N-acetylcysteine. Altern Med Rev. 1998;3(2):114-27.
  18. Asevedo E et al. Systematic review of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of addictions. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2014;36(2):168-75.
  19. Magalhães PV et al. N-acetylcysteine for major depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2011;33(4):374-8.
  20. Sanguinetti CM. N-acetylcysteine in COPD: why, how, and when? Multidiscip Respir Med. 2016;11:8.
  21. de Andrade KQ et al. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hepatic Diseases: Therapeutic Possibilities of N-Acetylcysteine. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(12):30269-308.
  22. Bouckenooghe T et al. Is taurine a functional nutrient? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006;9(6):728-33.
  23. Lasram MM et al. A review on the possible molecular mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine against insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes development. Clin Biochem. 2015;48(16-17):1200-8.
  24. Yamori Y et al. Taurine in health and diseases: consistent evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies. J Biomed Sci. 2010;17(Suppl 1):S6.
  25. Ripps H et al. Review: taurine: a "very essential" amino acid. Mol Vis. 2012;18:2673-86.
  26. Roth E. Nonnutritive effects of glutamine. J Nutr. 2008;138:2025S-2031S.
  27. Rao RK et al. Role of glutamine in protection of intestinal epithelial tight juntions. J Epithel Biol Pharmacol. 2012;5(S1-M7):47-54.
  28. Galera SC et al. The safety of oral use of L-glutamine in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Nutrition. 2010;26(4):375-81.
  29. Shimomura Y et al. Novel physiological functions of branched-chain amino acids. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2015;61:S112-S114.
  30. Rajendram R et al. Branched chain amino acids in clinical nutrition. Volume 1, 2015.  
  31. Valerio A et al. Branched-chain amino acids, mitochondrial biogenesis, and healthspan: an evolutionary perspective. Aging (Albany NY). 2011;3(5):464-78.
  32. Iovieno N et al. Second-tier natural antidepressants: Review and critique. J Affect Disord. 2011;130(3):343-57.
  33. Turner EH et al. Serotonin a la carte: supplementation with the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. Pharmacol Ther. 2006;109(3):325-38.
  34. Kim TI et al. l-Theanine, an amino acid in green tea, attenuates beta-amyloid-induced cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity: reduction in oxidative damage and inactivation of ERK/p38 kinase and NF-kappaB pathways. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009;47(11):1601-10.
  35. Yoto A et al. Effects of L-theanine or caffeine intake on changes in blood pressure under physical and psychological stresses. J Physiol Anthropol. 2012;31:28.
  36. L-theanine . Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2005;10(2):136-8.
  37. Miodownik C et al. Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cortisol to sulfate of dehydroepiandrosterone molar ratio associated with clinical response to L-theanine as augmentation of antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2011;34(4):155-60.
  38. Magill RA, Waters WF, Bray GA et al. Effects of tyrosine, phentermine, caffeine D-amphetamine, and placebo on cognitive and motor performance deficits during sleep deprivation. Nutr Neurosci. 2003;6(4):237-46.
  39. Banderet LE, Lieberman HR. Treatment with tyrosine, a neurotransmitter precursor, reduces environmental stress in humans. Brain Res Bull. 1989;22(4):759-62.
  40. Thomas JR, Lockwood PA, Singh A et al.Tyrosine improves working memory in a multitasking environment. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1999;64(3):495-500.
  41. L-Tyrosine. Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2007;12(4):364-368.
  42. L-lysine. Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2007;12(2):169-72.
  43. Civitelli R et al. Dietary L-lysine and calcium metabolism in humans. Nutrition. 1992;8(6):400-5.
  44. Mack PB et al. Effects of lysine-supplemented diets on growth and skeletal density of preadolescent children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1962;11:255-262.
  45. Hathcock JN et al. Risk assessment for carnitine. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006;46(1):23-8.
  46. Flanagan JL et al. Role of carnitine in disease. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2010;7:30.
  47. Acetyl-L-carnitine monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2010;15(1):76-83.
  48. Mato JM et al. S-adenosylmethionine metabolism and liver disease. Ann Hepatol. 2013;12(2):183-9.
  49. Sarris J et al. S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) versus escitalopram and placebo in major depression RCT: efficacy and effects of histamine and carnitine as moderators of response. J Affect Disord. 2014;164:76-81.
  50. De Silva V et al. Evidence for the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines in the management of osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50(5):911-20.
  51. Mello JP, ed. Amino acids in human nutrition and health. CAB International, 2012.
  52. EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein. EFSA Journal 2012;10(2):2557, 66 pp.
  53. Marchesini G et al. Long-term oral branched-chain amino acid treatment in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. A randomized double-blind casein-controlled trial. The Italian Multicenter Study Group. J Hepatol 1990;11:92-101.

Gerelateerde artikelen

Carnitine als antioxidant bij ALS
ADHD geen directe relatie met aminozurentekort
Glutamine, vitamine D en darmkanker
Glutamine, vitamine D en de mogelijke inzet bij darmkanker
Voedingsstoffen kunnen fysiologische schade door stress beperken
Taurine perinataal beïnvloedt de bloeddruk