Licht is essentieel voor het ‘zien’, maar het kan ook pathologische processen initiëren in het oog. Dit kan leiden tot oxidatieve schade, inflammatie en apoptose van de fotoreceptorcellen: ‘retinale lichtschade’. Dit proces is geassocieerd met degeneratie en verlies van fotoreceptorcellen, zoals bij AMD. Maar dit gebeurt ook bij andere oogziekten, zelfs genetische vormen van retinadegeneratie, die meestal al op jonge leeftijd tot blindheid leidt.
De rol van antioxidantia en voeding is hier wel bekend. Minder bekend is dat ook vetzuren een cruciale rol spelen.
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