Een vleesboom of myoom (leiomyoma uteri, uterus myomatosus, fibroïd, fibromyoom) is een hormoonafhankelijke, goedaardige tumor van gladde spiercellen met bindweefsel in de baarmoederwand. Een myoom kan zich vlak onder het slijmvlies bevinden (submuceus myoom) en uitpuilen in de baarmoederholte, zich in het midden van de baarmoederwand bevinden (intramuraal myoom) of onder de serosa liggen en uitpuilen in de buikholte (subsereus myoom). Naar schatting 20 % van de vrouwen in de reproductieve levensfase heeft een of meerdere myomen. De kans op myomen neemt met name toe bij premenopauzale vrouwen boven 40 jaar. Uit onderzoek is gebleken dat vijftig tot tachtig procent van de vrouwen van 50 jaar myomen heeft.1 De grootte van een myoom kan sterk variëren en een omvang aannemen die vergelijkbaar is met zeven maanden zwangerschap. Ongeveer 25 % van de vrouwen heeft gezondheidsklachten door myomen, bij de overige vrouwen blijven myomen onopgemerkt. De reguliere behandelingsmogelijkheden zijn beperkt; myomen zijn de belangrijkste indicatie voor hysterectomie (baarmoederverwijdering).
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1. Day BD et al. High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188(1):100-7.
2. Chiaffarino F et al. Diet and uterine myomas. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94(3):395-398.
3. Shen Y et al. Environmental exposure and risk of uterine leiomyoma: an epidemiologic survey. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17(23):3249-56.
4. He Y et al. Associations between uterine fibroids and lifestyles including diet, physical activity and stress: a case-control study in China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22(1):109-17.
5. Baird DD et al. Association of physical activity with development of uterine leiomyoma. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(2):157-63.
6. Andersen J et al. Abnormal gene expression in uterine leiomyomas. J Soc Gynecol
7. Investig. 1995;2(5):663-672.
8. Baird DD et al. Short-term change in growth of uterine leiomyoma: tumor growth spurts. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(1):242-6.
9. Bläuer M et al. Vitamin D inhibits myometrial and leiomyoma cell proliferation in vitro. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(5):1919-1925.
10. Islam MS et al. Use of dietary phytochemicals to target inflammation, fibrosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis in uterine tissues: promising options for prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids? Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014;58(8):1667-84.
11. Flake G et al. Etiology pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas: a review. Environmental health perspectives 2003;111(8):1037-1041.
12. Wise LA et al. Intake of fruit, vegetables, and carotenoids in relation to risk of uterine leiomyomata. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(6):1620-1631.
13. Radin RG et al. Dietary glycemic index and load in relation to risk of uterine leiomyomata in the Black Women’s Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(5):1281-1288.
14. Sharan C et al. Vitamin D inhibits proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells via catechol-O-methyltransferase. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(1):247-253.
15. Halder SK et al. Vitamin D3 inhibits expression and activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in human uterine fibroid cells. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(9):2407-16.
16. Halder SK et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduces TGF- β3-induced fibrosis-related gene expression in human uterine leiomyoma cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(4):E754-E762.
17. Halder SK et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment shrinks uterine leiomyoma tumors in the Eker rat model. Biol Reprod. 2012;86(4):116.
18. Baird DD et al. Vitamin D and the risk of uterine fibroids. Epidemiology. 2013;24(3):447–453.
19. Sabry M et al. Serum vitamin D3 level inversely correlates with uterine fibroid volume in different ethnic groups: a cross-sectional observational study. Int J Womens Health. 2013;5:93–100.
20. Zhang D et al. Green tea extract inhibits proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cells in vitro and in nude mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(3):289.e1-9.
21. Roshdy E et al. Treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids with green tea extract: a pilot randomized controlled clinical study. Int J Women’s Health 2013;5:477-486.
22. Miyake A et al. Repressive effect of the phytoestrogen genistein on estradiol-induced uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2009;25(6):403-9.
23. Di X et al. A high concentration of genistein down-regulates activin A, Smad3 and other TGF-β pathway genes in human uterine leiomyoma cells. Exp Mol Med. 2012;44(4):281-92.
24. Di X et al. A low concentration of genistein induces estrogen receptor-alpha and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor interactions and proliferation in uterine leiomyoma cells. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(8):1873-83.
25. Nagata C et al. Soy product intake and premenopausal hysterectomy in a follow-up study of Japanese women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001;55:773-777.
26. Wise LA et al. A prospective study of dairy intake and risk of uterine leiomyomata. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(2):221-232
1. Day BD et al. High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188(1):100-7.
2. Chiaffarino F et al. Diet and uterine myomas. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94(3):395-398.
3. Shen Y et al. Environmental exposure and risk of uterine leiomyoma: an epidemiologic survey. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17(23):3249-56.
4. He Y et al. Associations between uterine fibroids and lifestyles including diet, physical activity and stress: a case-control study in China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22(1):109-17.
5. Baird DD et al. Association of physical activity with development of uterine leiomyoma. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(2):157-63.
6. Andersen J et al. Abnormal gene expression in uterine leiomyomas. J Soc Gynecol
7. Investig. 1995;2(5):663-672.
8. Baird DD et al. Short-term change in growth of uterine leiomyoma: tumor growth spurts. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(1):242-6.
9. Bläuer M et al. Vitamin D inhibits myometrial and leiomyoma cell proliferation in vitro. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(5):1919-1925.
10. Islam MS et al. Use of dietary phytochemicals to target inflammation, fibrosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis in uterine tissues: promising options for prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids? Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014;58(8):1667-84.
11. Flake G et al. Etiology pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas: a review. Environmental health perspectives 2003;111(8):1037-1041.
12. Wise LA et al. Intake of fruit, vegetables, and carotenoids in relation to risk of uterine leiomyomata. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(6):1620-1631.
13. Radin RG et al. Dietary glycemic index and load in relation to risk of uterine leiomyomata in the Black Women’s Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(5):1281-1288.
14. Sharan C et al. Vitamin D inhibits proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells via catechol-O-methyltransferase. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(1):247-253.
15. Halder SK et al. Vitamin D3 inhibits expression and activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in human uterine fibroid cells. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(9):2407-16.
16. Halder SK et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduces TGF- β3-induced fibrosis-related gene expression in human uterine leiomyoma cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(4):E754-E762.
17. Halder SK et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment shrinks uterine leiomyoma tumors in the Eker rat model. Biol Reprod. 2012;86(4):116.
18. Baird DD et al. Vitamin D and the risk of uterine fibroids. Epidemiology. 2013;24(3):447–453.
19. Sabry M et al. Serum vitamin D3 level inversely correlates with uterine fibroid volume in different ethnic groups: a cross-sectional observational study. Int J Womens Health. 2013;5:93–100.
20. Zhang D et al. Green tea extract inhibits proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cells in vitro and in nude mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(3):289.e1-9.
21. Roshdy E et al. Treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids with green tea extract: a pilot randomized controlled clinical study. Int J Women’s Health 2013;5:477-486.
22. Miyake A et al. Repressive effect of the phytoestrogen genistein on estradiol-induced uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2009;25(6):403-9.
23. Di X et al. A high concentration of genistein down-regulates activin A, Smad3 and other TGF-β pathway genes in human uterine leiomyoma cells. Exp Mol Med. 2012;44(4):281-92.
24. Di X et al. A low concentration of genistein induces estrogen receptor-alpha and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor interactions and proliferation in uterine leiomyoma cells. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(8):1873-83.
25. Nagata C et al. Soy product intake and premenopausal hysterectomy in a follow-up study of Japanese women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001;55:773-777.
26. Wise LA et al. A prospective study of dairy intake and risk of uterine leiomyomata. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(2):221-232
